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Surveillance Valley: The Secret Military History of the Internet
PDF Ebook Surveillance Valley: The Secret Military History of the Internet
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The Internet is the most effective weapon the government has ever built.
In this fascinating book, investigative reporter Yasha Levine uncovers the secret origins of the Internet, tracing it back to a Pentagon counterinsurgency surveillance project.
A visionary intelligence officer, William Godel, realized that the key to winning the war in Vietnam was not outgunning the enemy but using new information technology to understand their motives and anticipate their movements. This idea - using computers to spy on people and groups perceived as a threat, both at home and abroad - drove ARPA to develop the Internet in the 1960s and continues to be at the heart of the modern Internet we all know and use today. As Levine shows, surveillance wasn't something that suddenly appeared on the Internet; it was woven into the fabric of the technology.
But this isn't just a story about the NSA or other domestic programs run by the government. As the book spins forward in time, Levine examines the private surveillance business that powers tech-industry giants like Google, Facebook, and Amazon, revealing how these companies spy on their users for profit, all while doing double duty as military and intelligence contractors. Levine shows that the military and Silicon Valley are effectively inseparable: a military-digital complex that permeates everything connected to the Internet, even coopting and weaponizing the antigovernment privacy movement that sprang up in the wake of Edward Snowden.
With deep research, skilled storytelling, and provocative arguments, Surveillance Valley will change the way you think about the news - and the device on which you read it.
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 10 hours and 42 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: Audible Studios
Audible.com Release Date: March 20, 2018
Whispersync for Voice: Ready
Language: English, English
ASIN: B07BFHC532
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
People are starting to see the internet as a failed utopia - but the story Yasha tells as he draws a history of the internet is that there was never a utopia.Those who want to dismiss the book will sneer that everyone knows the military history of the internet - in the same way that everyone knows that Tor is funded by the US military establishment, and that this is somehow irrelevant.But if you read the book you will find a well researched counter narrative - a third version of story most people don't know - the thinking within DARPA that was about counter insurgency, asymmetrical war, and surveillance.Previously untold stories, like the privatization of the internet (that warrant multiple volumes of discussion in their own right) form the better part of a chapter mid way through this book - a critical narrative when you consider that wealthy internet moguls are our modern day railroad barons, and their success is based largely on public investment.Anyone who has a developed understanding of imperialism, and the US as a modern imperialist power, will find the chapters on Tor and the crypto movement particularly entertaining - cyber libertarians who rail against the state, while cashing state department checks and thinking they are smart ones, meanwhile being used as a part of a soft power regime change strategy.
As I read Mr. Levine's book, it was hard not to be reminded of the scene in the movie "Casablanca" where Louis (the Prefect) goes into the back room at Rick's and declares, "I am shocked! Shocked to find gambling here!" and is then handed his winnings by a casino employee.As a person who has worked deeply with the Internet for almost 25 years, I thought this book would provide some interesting information on the beginning and early times of the Internet, well before my time. Honestly, it falls well short of that: most of what he writes is hardly "secret". In fact, it's a compendium of the various ways governments and (apparently very disturbing to Mr. Levine) businesses use the Internet to collect data; and sometimes (often?) misuse that data.It's hard not to like this book, up to a point. Mr. Levine writes well. The problem is that he digresses from the subject at hand more often than Wayne Campbell in Wayne's World. As importantly, I may have enjoyed the book more had Mr. Levine chosen to be a bit less (honestly, a lot less) obviously biased toward liberal politics in both his reporting and his conclusions. The line between fact and opinion is often blurry.I would only recommend this book to readers little or no previous knowledge about the Internet and its workings -- I believe more advanced readers will come away somewhat disappointed, as I did; though I do have to say that some of the many capsule biographies of the players made for somewhat interesting light reading.
It's well known that the Internet was birthed by the Pentagon. Originally called the ARPANET, the name reflected its origin in the military's Advanced Research Projects Agency created late in the Eisenhower Administration. What is much less well known is that its principal purpose was not to serve as a communications network that could survive a nuclear attack (although that's routinely stated as the reason for developing it). In reality, the ARPANET was an offshoot of the US counterinsurgency program in Vietnam in the 1960s. And its central purpose was to facilitate that program and enable domestic surveillance efforts undertaken by the US Army and the CIA during the Vietnam War. These are among the shocking revelations that investigative journalist Yasha Levine brings to light in Surveillance Valley: The Secret Military History of the Internet. As Levine notes, "the Internet was hardwired to be a surveillance tool from the start . . . [It] was developed as a weapon and remains a weapon today."Over the years, I've read a great deal about the history of the Internet, the computer industry, and the agency now called DARPA (for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). I consider myself reasonably well-informed for someone who isn't directly involved in the industry. Yet I often found my eyes widening in surprise as I read Levine's remarkable story:I was disappointed to learn from Levine's book how deeply involved in military research were virtually all the legendary figures credited with key advances in the evolution of the computer industry and the Internet—and how robust the industry's links to the Pentagon remain to this day. Douglas Engelbart, for example, the man who created the computer mouse, was working on an ARPA contract. So were Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf, the men who developed the vital TCP/IP protocol that makes the Internet work. Even Stewart Brand, an early evangelist for the computer industry, who made it all seem hip and cool, had lived on the military's dime in the 1960s. All these men were, in fact, working either for ARPA itself or for the Stanford Research Institute (now SRI), which was heavily funded by the US military."For many Internet companies, including Google and Facebook, surveillance is the business model. It is the base on which their corporate and economic power rests." These statements should be obvious, since we all know that these firms vacuum up information indiscriminately, but Edward Snowden's revelations have fastened our attention on the NSA. In fact, the NSA couldn't operate as it does without the help of Google, Facebook, and their peers.I was shocked to discover that the online network Tor was created and funded by the US intelligence community. Tor, part of the dark web, is used by drug traffickers, arms dealers, and purveyors of child pornography to escape detection by law enforcement. Admittedly, some of these criminals have been rounded up as a result, but thousands of others continue to operate with impunity on Tor.Secret military history: echoes of the HolocaustIn the Epilogue to Surveillance Valley, Levine reports on a trip to the former Nazi death camp at Mauthausen in Austria. He explains that the meticulous record-keeping for which Hitler's regime was notorious was made possible by using IBM machines. "Nazi Germany employed the same technology to systematically carry out the Holocaust" as the US government and the Internet giants are using today. "Mauthausen is a powerful reminder of how computer technology can't be separated from the culture in which is it developed and used." Given the current state of American society, and the country's leadership in Washington, this point is sobering indeed.This book has been treated unevenly by reviewers. Publisher's Weekly panned it. Kirkus Review was somewhat kinder, terming it "a sometimes-overwrought but provocative history of the internet-equipped security state." The New Yorker was far happier with the effort: Levine's "tone is often contentious, but, amid increasing dismay about technology’s influence on contemporary life, such forceful questioning is salutary." To that I say, Amen.Yasha Levine is a Russian-American investigative journalist who was born in the Soviet Union. Surveillance Valley is based on "three years of investigative work, interviews, travel across two continents, and countless hours of correlating and researching historical and declassified records." It shows.
Levine's message is spot on: high technology is not going to save us from Big Brother, the nightmare of surveillance and control that Orwell warned us against. No, in the end, we will have to save ourselves. But first we must WAKE UP! Today, the huge telecoms, Google, Facebook, Amazon, even Apple, are a part of the problem. All of them are highly integrated with CIA and NSA and threaten our freedom. The problem is not somewhere else, not over there, not with Russia or China, it's right here. It has been all along, as Levine shows in his fine book. The Internet was always about counterinsurgency, surveillance and control.If I could, I'd give Levine's book six stars. It's the most important book I've read in awhile.
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